Care of Shoulder Pain in the Overhead Athlete.

Shoulder complaints are common in the overhead athlete. Understanding the biomechanics of throwing and swimming requires understanding the importance of maintaining the glenohumeral relationship of the shoulder. Capsular laxity, humeral retrotorsion, glenoid retroversion, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, and scapular dyskinesis can all contribute to shoulder dysfunction and pain. Injuries are more likely during peak height velocity, especially when coupled with overuse, previous injuries not adequately treated, or change in the demands on the shoulder such as a new technique, bigger field, or longer race. Working with physical therapists, athletic trainers, and coaches to identify and treat the etiology of the shoulder dysfunction will help pediatricians return the athlete to activity and prevent future injury. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(3):e112-e119.].