Despite the large number of pharmaceutically active compounds found in natural environments little is known about their transport behavior in groundwater, which is complicated by their wide range of physical and chemical properties. The transport behavior of five widely used and often detected pharmaceutical compounds and one lifestyle drug has therefore been investigated, using a set of three column experiments. The investigated compounds were the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, the lifestyle drug caffeine, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories ibuprofen and naproxen. The columns were filled with three different types of sand. The substrates consisted of artificially prepared iron-coated sand, artificially prepared organic carbon sand (with 5% leaf compost), and natural aquifer sand from Long Point, Ontario (Canada). The experiments were conducted simultaneously under the same hydraulic conditions and with the same input solution of about 1μg·L of each compound. The transport behavior of the organic compounds differed significantly between both the different columns and the different compounds. A strong correlation was observed between the retardation factors for carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and ibuprofen and the organic carbon content of the substrate. While the retardation increased with increasing organic carbon content, no direct relationship was observed between the organic carbon content and the removal of these compounds. In contrast, the retardation factors for sulfamethoxazole and naproxen showed no correlation with the organic carbon content but these compounds were significantly removed in the presence of organic matter. The influence of the Fe surfaces in the iron-coated sand was less significant than expected, with all compounds except for sulfamethoxazole having retardation factors <1.8. Caffeine was so strongly removed during transport through those substrates containing organic carbon that no reliable retardation factor could be determined.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.031 | DOI Listing |
Commun Chem
January 2025
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.
All-solid-state (ASS) batteries are a promising solution to achieve carbon neutrality. ASS lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries stand out due to their improved safety, achieved by replacing organic solvents, which are prone to leakage and fire, with solid electrolytes. In addition, these batteries offer the benefits of higher capacity and the absence of rare metals.
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January 2025
School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
Urban expansion has triggered significant changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), profoundly affecting the global carbon cycle. The accurate prediction of the global distribution of urban SOC and assessment of the impact of future urban expansion on SOC are essential for urban soil carbon management. By using data from 377 urban locations, this study estimated the global distribution of urban SOC and projected future SOC changes under two socioeconomic scenarios: SSP126 and SSP585.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
Lignin, as the abundant carbon polymer, is essential for carbon cycle and biorefinery. Microorganisms interact to form communities for lignin biodegradation, yet it is a challenge to understand such complex interactions. Here, we develop a coastal lignin-degrading bacterial consortium (LD), through "top-down" enrichment.
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January 2025
Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Ecosystem restoration can contribute to climate change mitigation, as recovering ecosystems sequester atmospheric CO in biomass and soils. It is, however, unclear how much soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks recover across different restored ecosystems. Here, we show SOC recovery in different contexts globally by consolidating 41 meta-analyses into a second-order meta-analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
This study tackles the challenge of enantiodifferentiation of nitrile compounds, which is typically difficult to resolve using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) due to the significant distance between the chiral center and the nitrogen atom involved in molecular interactions. We have developed novel chiral F-labeled probes, each featuring two chiral centers, to exploit the "match-mismatch" effect, thereby enhancing enantiodiscrimination. This strategy effectively differentiates chiral analytes with quaternary chiral carbon centers as well as those with similar substituents at the chiral center.
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