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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
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Function: require_once
Objectives: To investigate the clinical value of anti-Sm antibodies in diagnosis and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their ability to predict lupus flares compared with that of anti-dsDNA antibody and complement (C3) assays.
Methods: Autoantibodies against Smith antigen (Sm) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in sera from SLE (n=232), myositis (n=26), systemic sclerosis (n=81), Sjögren's syndrome (n=88), and rheumatoid arthritis patients (n=165) and healthy donors (n=400) were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (both from Euroimmun). New thresholds for both autoantibodies were calculated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and predictive analyses of anti-Sm and disease activity were also performed.
Results: Sensitivities of 25.9% for anti-Sm (cut-off: 3.6 relative units/ml) and 30.2% for anti-dsDNA (cut-off 157.4 international units/ml) were obtained at a specificity of 99%. 14.8% of anti-dsDNA-negative patients were positive for anti-Sm, and more than half (51.4%) of anti-dsDNA-positive patients were also positive for anti-Sm. Anti-Sm antibodies were associated with age (p=0.0174), the number of ACR criteria (p=0.0242), the ACR criteria renal (p=0.0350) and neurologic disorder (p=0.0239), the BILAG category constitutional symptoms (p=0.0227), fatigue (p=0.0311) and cross-sectional disease activity (r=0.2519, p=0.0224). Although no correlations with lupus activity were observed in the longitudinal and predictive analysis, a remarkable association was found between anti-Sm and proteinuria.
Conclusions: Anti-Sm antibodies are essential for diagnosis of SLE, especially in anti-dsDNA-negative patients. However, our data suggest that anti-Sm monitoring is only helpful in SLE patients with active lupus nephritis.
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