AI Article Synopsis
- During pregnancy, fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) can invade the mother's uterine tissue without being attacked by her immune system, which was a puzzle first addressed by scientist Peter Medawar.
- The discovery of a unique human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule known as HLA-G, found only in EVT, has greatly advanced our understanding of how the fetus maintains immune tolerance.
- Recent research has significantly improved our knowledge of the mechanisms behind HLA-G expression and function at the maternal-fetal interface, highlighting its importance for fetal tolerance during pregnancy.
Article Abstract
During pregnancy, semiallogeneic fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) invade the uterine mucosa without being rejected by the maternal immune system. Several mechanisms were initially proposed by Peter Medawar half a century ago to explain this apparent violation of the laws of transplantation. Then, three decades ago, an unusual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule was identified: HLA-G. Uniquely expressed in EVT, HLA-G has since become the center of the present understanding of fetus-induced immune tolerance. Despite slow progress in the field, the last few years have seen an explosion in our knowledge of HLA-G biology. Here, we critically review new insights into the mechanisms controlling the expression and function of HLA-G at the maternal-fetal interface, and discuss their relevance for fetal tolerance.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2017.01.009 | DOI Listing |
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