In 2010, during an outbreak of anthrax affecting people who inject drugs, a heroin user aged 37 years presented with soft tissue infection. He subsequently was found to have anthrax. We describe his management and the difficulty in distinguishing anthrax from non-anthrax lesions. His full recovery, despite an overall mortality of 30% for injectional anthrax, demonstrates that some heroin-related anthrax cases can be managed predominately with oral antibiotics and minimal surgical intervention.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-218316 | DOI Listing |
In endemic areas with a compatible epidemiological context, clinicians should consider anthrax as a potential diagnosis. The disease can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or central nervous system infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Rev
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Inflammasomes are crucial mediators of both antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory pathology, requiring stringent regulation at multiple levels. This review explores the pivotal role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in modulating inflammasome activation through various regulatory mechanisms. We detail recent advances in understanding MAPK-mediated regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome priming, licensing and activation, with emphasis on MAPK-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling in NLRP3 priming, ERK1 and JNK in NLRP3 licensing, and TAK1 in connecting death receptor signaling to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Negl Trop Dis
December 2024
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) causes anthrax-like disease in animals, particularly in the non-human primates and great apes of West and Central Africa. Genomic analyses revealed Bcbva as a member of the B. cereus species that carries two plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBCXO2, which have high sequence homology to the B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetol Metab Syndr
December 2024
NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
Objectives: Among all the diabetes complications brought on by persistent inflammation is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). One essential method of the inflammatory response's programmed cell death is anthrax. One of the main causes of diabetic renal disease progression in a high-glycemic environment is the lysis of renal resident cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagn Pathol
December 2024
Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Shizuishan, Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Shizuishan, China.
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which can infect various animals and humans. Cutaneous anthrax primarily presents as infiltrative, edematous erythema, surface vesicles, hemorrhagic vesicles, and necrotic eschar; some patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever and leukocytosis. With economic development and improvements in public health conditions, naturally occurring cases of cutaneous anthrax have significantly decreased, leading to limited reports on the pathological manifestations of this disease.
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