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Stress is central to many neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Stress influences the initiation and continued use of alcohol, the progression to AUD, and relapse. Identifying the neurocircuits activated during stress, and individual variability in these responses is critical for developing new treatment targets for AUD, particularly to mitigate stress-induced relapse.

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Distinct Behavioral Profiles and Neuronal Correlates of Heroin Vulnerability Versus Resiliency in a Multi-Symptomatic Model of Heroin Use Disorder in Rats.

Am J Psychiatry

January 2025

Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Kuhn, Crow, Walterhouse, Chalhoub, Dereschewitz, Roberts, Kalivas); School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Cannella, Lunerti, Ciccocioppo); Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biostatistics (Gupta) and Department of Biomedical Informatics (Gupta, Allen, Chung), and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (Gupta, Allen, Chung); Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (Cockerham, Beeson, Solberg Woods); Department of Psychology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL (Nall); Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Palmer); School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Hardiman).

Objective: The behavioral and diagnostic heterogeneity within the opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is not readily captured in current animal models, limiting the translational relevance of the mechanistic research that is conducted in experimental animals. The authors hypothesized that a nonlinear clustering of OUD-like behavioral traits would capture population heterogeneity and yield subpopulations of OUD vulnerable rats with distinct behavioral and neurocircuit profiles.

Methods: Over 900 male and female heterogeneous stock rats, a line capturing genetic and behavioral heterogeneity present in humans, were assessed for several measures of heroin use and rewarded and non-rewarded seeking behaviors.

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Binge eating (BE) is a highly pervasive maladaptive coping strategy in response to severe early life stress such as emotional and social neglect. BE is described as repeated episodes of uncontrolled eating and is tightly linked with comorbid mental health concerns. Despite social stressors occurring at a young age, the onset of BE typically does not occur until adulthood providing an interval for potential therapeutic intervention.

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Neuropeptides: The Evergreen Jack-of-All-Trades in Neuronal Circuit Development and Regulation.

Bioessays

December 2024

Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Neuropeptides are key modulators of adult neurocircuits, balancing their sensitivity to both excitation and inhibition, and fine-tuning fast neurotransmitter action under physiological conditions. Here, we reason that transient increases in neuropeptide availability and action exist during brain development for synapse maturation, selection, and maintenance. We discuss fundamental concepts of neuropeptide signaling at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with a particular focus on how signaling at neuropeptide GPCRs could underpin neuronal morphogenesis.

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Induction of territorial dominance and subordination behaviors in laboratory mice.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.

Territorial behaviors comprise a set of coordinated actions and response patterns found across animal species that promote the exclusive access to resources. House mice are highly territorial with a subset of males consistently attacking and chasing competing males to expel them from their territories and performing urine marking behaviors to signal the extent of their territories. Natural variation in territorial behaviors within a mouse colony leads to the formation of dominance hierarchies in which subordinate males can reside within the territory of a dominant male.

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