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Optimization of Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhaler Performance: A Review.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Dry powder inhalers (DPI's) are becoming increasingly popular due to growing interest in pulmonary drug delivery and their performance is the net result of a series of processes carried out during the formulation development and manufacturing process such as excipient selection, blending, milling, filling, and spray drying. To reach the small airways of the deep lung, the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) particles need to have an aerodynamic diameter of 1-5 μm to avoid impaction and particle sedimentation in the upper respiratory tract, and due to this small particle size, the powder becomes highly cohesive resulting in poor flow. Therefore, API is usually blended with a coarse carrier to improve flowability, and due to its large size, it is more fluidizable than the micronized drug.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVX-770, C-A1, and Increased Intracellular cAMP Have Distinct Acute Impacts upon CFTR Activity.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that is dysfunctional in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The permeability of CFTR can be experimentally manipulated though different mechanisms, including activation via inducing the phosphorylation of residues in the regulatory domain as well as altering the gating/open probability of the channel. Phosphorylation/activation of the channel is achieved by exposure to compounds that increase intracellular cAMP, with forskolin and IBMX commonly used for this purpose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetrospective Study of Chronic Coughing in Dogs in a Referral Centre in the UK: 329 Cases (2012-2021).
Animals (Basel)
January 2025
WeYouVets, Ingrave, Essex CM13 3NU, UK.
Chronic coughing is a common complaint in small animal medicine and it has an extensive differential diagnosis with very different treatment and prognosis. Coughing is considered chronic when it lasts at least 8 weeks. This retrospective study aimed to describe the most common causes of chronic coughing in a population of dogs that presented to a referral hospital in England between January 2012 and December 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulmonary function tests: an integrated approach to interpreting results in the search for treatable traits.
Expert Rev Respir Med
January 2025
Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Programme, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Introduction: Technological advances have led to the proliferation of lung function assessment techniques beyond spirometry in most countries. At the same time, new knowledge of respiratory physiology has allowed an expansion of lung function parameters, requiring an integrated approach to interpreting results.
Areas Covered: This review addresses the major pulmonary function tests (PFTs) used in clinical practice, new concepts regarding reference values, and reformulations of terminology for defining standards of lung function impairment.
Sulfur dioxide exposure of mice induces peribronchiolar fibrosis-A defining feature of deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis.
PLoS One
January 2025
Research Service and Pulmonary Section Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
Deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis (DRCB) has emerged as a health concern in military personnel returning from Southwest Asia. Exposure to smoke from a fire at the Al-Mishraq sulfur enrichment facility and/or burn pits was reported by a subset of Veterans diagnosed with this disorder. DRCB is characterized by thickening and fibrosis of small airways (SA) in the lung, but whether these are related to toxin inhalation remains uncertain.
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