Flexible organic electronic devices are often protected from degradation by encapsulation in multilayered films with very high barrier properties against moisture and oxygen. However, metrology must be improved to detect such low quantities of permeants. We therefore developed a modified ultra-low permeation measurement device based on a constant-flow carrier-gas system to measure both the transient and stationary water vapor permeation through high-performance barrier films. The accumulation of permeated water vapor before its transport to the detector allows the measurement of very low water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) down to 2 × 10 g m d. The measurement cells are stored in a temperature-controlled chamber, allowing WVTR measurements within the temperature range 23-80 °C. Differences in relative humidity can be controlled within the range 15%-90%. The WVTR values determined using the novel measurement device agree with those measured using a commercially available carrier-gas device from MOCON. Depending on the structure and quality of the barrier film, it may take a long time for the WVTR to reach a steady-state value. However, by using a combination of the time-dependent measurement and the finite element method, we were able to estimate the steady-state WVTR accurately with significantly shorter measurement times.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4974952 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Contrasting Responses of Smoke Dispersion and Fire Emissions to Aerosol-Radiation Interaction during the Largest Australian Wildfires in 2019-2020.
Environ Sci Technol
January 2025
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
The record-breaking 2019-2020 Australian wildfires have been primarily linked to climate change and its internal variability. However, the meteorological feedback mechanisms affecting smoke dispersion and wildfire emissions on a synoptic scale remain unclear. This study focused on the largest wildfires occurring between December 25, 2019 and January 10, 2020, under the enhanced subtropical high, when the double peak in wildfire evolution was favored by sustained low humidity and two synchronous increases in temperature and wind.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex-Specific Effects in Acute Nicotine Vapor Exposure on Binge Drinking and Activity in the Central Amygdala and Ventral Tegmental Area.
Nicotine Tob Res
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems and alcohol drinking has led to increases in nicotine and alcohol co-use. However, the impact of ENDs on brain activity and binge drinking behavior is not fully understood.
Aims And Methods: We subjected female and male C57BL/6J mice to a voluntary drinking and electronic nicotine vapor exposure paradigm.
Preparation of Robust, Antireflective and Superhydrophobic Hierarchical Coatings on PMMA Substrates via Mechanical Locking and Chemical Bonding.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Functional Nanomaterials Laboratory, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Antireflection (AR) coatings with mechanical robustness and superhydrophobic properties have wide potential applications in optical, electronic, and automotive fields. However, the fabrication of large-sized, robust, and multifunctional AR coatings on plastic/polymer substrates has been a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a bottom-up approach to produce mechanically robust, enhanced transmittance, and superhydrophobic coatings on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of stearic acid and sodium stearate on hydrophobicity of nano calcium carbonate and mechanism of water vapor adsorption.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, People's Republic of China.
It is essential to understand the modification mechanism of hydrophobicity nano-CaCO to their potential application in different fields of chemistry. However, the water absorption of hydrophobicity nano-CaCO is seldom studied. In this study, Raman, BET and TGA experiments were performed on nano-CaCO samples to obtain surfactants contents and microstructure characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe influence of Nusselt number on dropwise condensation heat transfer for a single droplet on inclined and grooved surfaces.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Dropwise condensation (DWC) is a widely studied vapor-liquid phase-change process that has attracted significant research attention due to its exceptional energy transfer efficiency. Therefore, it is highly important to predict the heat transfer rate during DWC and the factors that affect it. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation on DWC heat transfer under diverse circumstances for a single droplet on inclined and rough surfaces with Wenzel structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!