AI Article Synopsis
- The TGF-β family of signaling molecules is crucial for the functions of various cells and tissues, especially in connective tissues and the skeleton.
- Specific members of this family interact with each other and other signaling pathways to maintain balance in tissue function.
- Disruptions in these signaling pathways are linked to various diseases affecting the skeletal and cardiovascular systems, from rare genetic syndromes to common conditions like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, often through their impact on the extracellular matrix.
Article Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of signaling molecules, which includes TGF-βs, activins, inhibins, and numerous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), has important functions in all cells and tissues, including soft connective tissues and the skeleton. Specific TGF-β family members play different roles in these tissues, and their activities are often balanced with those of other TGF-β family members and by interactions with other signaling pathways. Perturbations in TGF-β family pathways are associated with numerous human diseases with prominent involvement of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. This review focuses on the role of this family of signaling molecules in the pathologies of connective tissues that manifest in rare genetic syndromes (e.g., syndromic presentations of thoracic aortic aneurysm), as well as in more common disorders (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis). Many of these diseases are caused by or result in pathological alterations of the complex relationship between the TGF-β family of signaling mediators and the extracellular matrix in connective tissues.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666637 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022269 | DOI Listing |
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