Unlike any other polymer class, the (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s have tremendously benefited from the introduction of microwave reactors into chemical laboratories. This review focuses on the research activities in the area of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s prepared by microwave-assisted syntheses and, correspondingly, summarizes the current-state-of the-art of the microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-oxazoline monomers and the microwave-assisted ring-opening (co-)polymerization of 2-oxazolines as well as prominent examples of post-polymerization modification of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s. Special attention is attributed to the kinetic analysis of the microwave-assisted polymerization of 2-oxazolines and the discussion of non-thermal microwave effects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2015_340 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
November 2024
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
In recent years, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has emerged as a powerful method for the straightforward synthesis of polymer nanoparticles at high concentration. In this study, we describe for the first time the synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles by dispersion cationic ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (CROPISA) in n-dodecane. Specifically, a n-dodecane-soluble aliphatic poly(2-(3-ethylheptyl)-2-oxazoline) (PEHOx) block was chain-extended with poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (PPhOx).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
February 2024
N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
A synthesis of 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-d-galactopyrano)-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline - a previously unknown 2-alkoxy glyco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline derivative with d-galacto configuration was carried out. Glycosylating activity of the obtained galactooxazoline has been studied and it has been shown that in the presence of a weak protic acid, such as sym-collidinium triflate, this substance exhibits properties of a reactive and 1,2-trans-stereoselective glycosyl donor. The homopolymerization reaction of oxazoline derivatives of sugars has been found to proceed under the same conditions, leading to the formation of pseudo-oligosaccharide products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDes Monomers Polym
October 2023
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Partially hydrolysed poly(2-oxazoline)s possess unique properties. However, much of the focus in this area has been on water soluble poly(2-oxazoline)s. Where hydrophobic poly(2-oxazoline)s have been used, this is often for selective hydrolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColloids Surf B Biointerfaces
October 2023
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Motivation: Amyloidoses are diseases caused by the accumulation of normally soluble proteins in the form of insoluble amyloids, leading to the gradual dysfunction and failure of various organs and tissues. Inhibiting amyloid formation is therefore an important therapeutic target.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that mono- and di-gradient amphiphilic copolymers of hydrophilic 2-(m)ethyl-2-oxazoline and hydrophobic 2-aryl-2-oxazolines may inhibit amyloid fibril formation.
Macromol Biosci
November 2023
Joint UNC-CH and NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7575, USA.
The present study expands the versatility of cationic poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) copolymers as a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-free platform for gene delivery to immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages. Several block copolymers are developed by varying nonionic hydrophilic blocks (poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx) or poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx), cationic blocks, and an optional hydrophobic block (poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (iPrOx). The cationic blocks are produced by side chain modification of 2-methoxy-carboxyethyl-2-oxazoline (MestOx) block precursor with diethylenetriamine (DET) or tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN).
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