In the past 20 years or so, the outlook for children diagnosed with cancer has changed dramatically. New treatments have transformed outcomes and the prognosis is generally positive, particularly for the most common childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. But that is not true for everyone; some children with cancer will die.
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Pathological diagnosis of central nervous system tumours in adults: what's new?
Pathology
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
In the course of the last decade, the pathological diagnosis of many tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) has transitioned from a purely histological to a combined histological and molecular approach, resulting in a more precise 'histomolecular diagnosis'. Unfortunately, translation of this refinement in CNS tumour diagnostics into more effective treatment strategies is lagging behind. There is hope though that incorporating the assessment of predictive markers in the pathological evaluation of CNS tumours will help to improve this situation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of novel phenolic inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine against toxic α-synuclein aggregation via regulating phase separation.
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Wuhan Third hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan 430060, China. Electronic address:
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder without cure, is characterized by the pathological aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in Lewy bodies. Classic deposition pathway and condensation pathway contribute to α-Syn aggregation, and liquid-liquid phase separation is the driving force for condensate formation, which subsequently undergo liquid-solid phase separation to form toxic fibrils. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history in treating neurodegenerative disease, herein; we identified chemicals from herbs that inhibit α-Syn aggregation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrontostriatal connectivity dynamically modulates the adaptation to environmental volatility.
Neuroimage
January 2025
Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (BNU), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address:
Humans adjust their learning strategies in changing environments by estimating the volatility of the reinforcement conditions. Here, we examine how volatility affects learning and the underlying functional brain organizations using a probabilistic reward reversal learning task. We found that the order of states was critically important; participants adjusted learning rate going from volatile to stable, but not from stable to volatile, environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelial cell (EC)-specific CTGF/CCN2 Expression Increases EC Reprogramming and Atherosclerosis.
Matrix Biol
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Arterial endothelial cells (ECs) reside in a complex biomechanical environment. ECs sense and respond to wall shear stress. Low and oscillatory wall shear stress is characteristic of disturbed flow and commonly found at arterial bifurcations and around atherosclerotic plaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal single-cell profiles of lung regeneration after viral infection reveal persistent injury-associated cell states.
Cell Stem Cell
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:
Functional regeneration of the lung's gas exchange surface following injury requires the coordination of a complex series of cell behaviors within the alveolar niche. Using single-cell transcriptomics combined with lineage tracing of proliferating progenitors, we examined mouse lung regeneration after influenza injury, demonstrating an asynchronously phased response across different cellular compartments. This longitudinal atlas of injury responses has produced a catalog of transient and persistent transcriptional alterations in cells as they transit across axes of differentiation.
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