Human Allergen-Specific IgG Subclass Antibodies Measured Using ImmunoCAP Technology.

Background: Knowledge of human IgG subclass antibody responses to various allergens has been hampered by a lack of reliable standardized assays. The aim here was to develop quantitative immunoassays for human IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies using ImmunoCAP® technology and to evaluate their application.

Methods: Enzyme conjugates with isotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and calibrators composed of purified myeloma paraproteins were developed for each assay and used together with other standardized assay reagents for the Phadia® 100 instrument. The calibrators were adjusted to the international reference preparation IRP 67/86. The assays were characterized and used together with other standard ImmunoCAP assays to measure antibodies to various allergens in preliminary studies.

Results: The new assays had limits of quantitation of 1.0 (IgG1), 4.6 (IgG2), and 0.04 mgA/L (IgG3), and coefficients of variation of <20%. Only some minor cross-reactivity with IgG2 was observed for the specific IgG1 assay. The specific IgG2 assay showed a bias for the allotype G2m(23) and compensation factors were used to adjust the measured concentrations accordingly. Preliminary studies indicated a strong and stable IgG4 antibody response to β-lactoglobulin in healthy individuals, a high IgG1 and even higher IgG2 antibody response to house dust mite in sensitized and nonsensitized subjects, and a mixed IgG subclass response to venom allergens in allergic patients with increasing IgG4 antibody levels during venom immunotherapy.

Conclusions: The new research assays are valuable tools for immunological studies, enabling the characterization of antibody profiles using a standardized approach, and facilitating data interpretation and the comparison of results across studies.