We here review the collision risks posed by large-bodied, flocking geese to aircraft, exacerbated by recent major increases in northern hemisphere goose populations and air traffic volume. Mitigation of goose-aircraft strike risks requires knowledge of local goose movements, global goose population dynamics and ecology. Airports can minimise goose strikes by managing habitats within the airport property, applying deterrents to scare geese away and lethal control, but goose migration and movements at greater spatial scales present greater challenges. Habitat management outside of airports can locally reduce goose attractiveness of peripheral areas, but requires stakeholder involvement and coordination. Information on bird strike rates, individual goose movements and goose population dynamics is essential to understand how best to reduce the risk of goose strikes. Avian radar provides tactical information for mitigation measures and strategic data on local patterns of goose migration and habitat use. In the face of expanding air traffic, goose distributions and populations, these threats need to be integrated with other local, national and international stakeholder involvement to secure viable solutions to multiple conflicts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0901-2 | DOI Listing |
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Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Discarded sports waste faces bottlenecks in application due to inadequate disposal measures, and there is often a neglect of enhancing resource utilization efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. In this study, nanoporous biochar was prepared through co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) and pyrolytic activation by using mixed goose feathers and heavy-metals-contaminated pine sawdust. Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that the prepared M-3-25 (Biochar derived from mixed feedstocks (25 mg/g Cu in pine sawdust) at 700 °C with activator ratios of 3) possesses a high specific surface area 2501.
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College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
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