Microcystin Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Fish at Different Trophic Levels from the Eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China.

The spatial and temporal variations of microcystins (MCs) in fishes with different trophic levels were studied monthly in Lake Chaohu in 2014. MCs content in muscle was highest in phytoplanktivorous Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (H. molitrix), followed by omnivorous Carassius auratus (C. auratus), and was lowest in herbivorous Parabramis pekinensis (P. pekinensis) and carnivorous Coilia ectenes (C. ectenes). MCs concentration in liver was highest in C. auratus, followed by H. molitrix, and was lowest in P. pekinensis and C. ectene. The main uptake routes of MCs for C. auratus and H. molitrix were via the diet. The mechanism to counteract MCs had not been well developed in C. ectenes. H. molitrix and C. auratus from the western region as they had higher mean concentrations of MCs than fishes from the eastern region. The estimated daily intakes of MCs in 45.4% of muscle samples were higher than the provisional tolerable daily intake set by WHO.