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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1616637 | DOI Listing |
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Substance P and neurokinin 1 receptor boost the pathogenicity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper cells in dry eye disease.
Scand J Immunol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Dry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory disorder in which CD4 T cells play a significant role in its pathogenesis. A CD4 T cell subset termed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper (ThGM) cells would contribute to DED pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which the activity of ThGM cells is modulated are not thoroughly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn early precursor CD8 T cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection.
Nature
January 2025
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8+ T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also play a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy. These PD-1+ TCF-1+ TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells, also referred to as precursors of exhausted T cells, have a distinct program that allows them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation. Using the mouse model of chronic LCMV infection we found that virus specific stem-like CD8+ T cells are generated early (day 5) during chronic infection suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of infection outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContrastive learning of T cell receptor representations.
Cell Syst
December 2024
Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address:
Computational prediction of the interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) and their ligands is a grand challenge in immunology. Despite advances in high-throughput assays, specificity-labeled TCR data remain sparse. In other domains, the pre-training of language models on unlabeled data has been successfully used to address data bottlenecks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArsenic and the placenta: A review with emphasis on the immune system.
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Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA. Electronic address:
Chronic arsenic exposure affects over 140 million people globally. While arsenic easily crosses the placenta, the specific mechanisms impacting placental immune cell populations and fetal health are unclear. Maternal arsenic exposure is epidemiologically linked to increased infection risk, mortality, and cancer susceptibility in offspring, emphasizing the importance of understanding placentally-mediated immune effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneration of effective and specific human TCRs against tumor/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in mice with humanized T cell recognition system.
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Molecular Immunology and Gene Therapy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
Generation of high avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is impaired by tolerance mechanisms, which is an obstacle to effective T cell therapies for cancer treatment. NY-ESO-1, a human cancer-testis antigen, represents an attractive target for such therapies due to its broad expression in different cancer types and the restricted expression in normal tissues. Utilizing transgenic mice with a diverse human TCR repertoire, we isolated effective TCRs against NY-ESO-1 restricted to HLA-A*02:01.
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