Immunoglobulin helicase μ-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene is responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2S and spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1). From June 2014 to December 2015, we collected 408 cases, who referred to our genetic laboratory for genetic analysis, suspected with CMT disease or other inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) on the basis of clinical manifestations and electrophysiological studies. Mutation screening was performed using Ion AmpliSeq Custom Panels, which comprise 72 disease-causing or candidate genes of IPNs. We identified novel homozygous or compound heterozygous variants of IGHMBP2 in four patients. Three patients presented with childhood-onset axonal predominant sensorimotor polyneuropathies, whereas the other case was diagnosed with SMARD1, manifesting as low birth weight, weak cry, reduced spontaneous movement and developed respiratory distress 4 months after birth. We present the original report of CMT type 2S in Japan, and illustrate that recessive IGHMBP2 variants account for ~1.6% of axonal CMT in our cohort.
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