Outcomes of lead extraction in young adults.

Background: Extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in young adults may be technically challenging because of more extensive fibrosis and calcification in this patient population.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of lead extraction (LE) in young adults at our institution.

Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent LE at our institution between January 1, 2007, and May 31, 2016. Patients were divided by age into 2 groups: <40 years (group 1, n = 84) or ≥40 years (group 2, n = 690). Outcomes were determined by medical records review.

Results: Patients in group 2 had a higher overall average number of leads extracted per procedure compared to group 1 (1.64 ± 0.80 vs 1.45 ± 0.64; P <.001). Lead dwell time was similar in the 2 groups (5.7 ± 5 years vs 5.6 ± 4.3 years; P = .95). The younger cohort tended to require femoral extraction techniques more frequently (9.5% vs 4.4%; P = .055). Extraction procedural success (group 1: 94.1%, group 2: 94.9%; P = .792), major complications (group 1: 0%, group 2: 1.3%; P = 1), and periprocedural mortality (group 1: 0%, group 2: 0.86%; P = 1) were similar in the 2 groups.

Conclusion: LE can be performed safely and effectively in young adults. Despite the lower number of leads extracted per procedure and the similar lead dwell time, younger adults more frequently required the use of femoral extraction tools, thus highlighting the importance of performing these procedures in centers with advanced expertise in extraction techniques.