Lartruvo (olaratumab) is a monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of PDGFRA. Olaratumab blocks ligand binding and thereby inhibits activation of PDGFRA kinase activity. Pre-clinically, this antibody inhibited PDGFRA-dependent tumor growth. In a randomized Phase II study, adding olaratumab to doxorubicin chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival, leading to FDA approval.
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[Patterns of CAF expression in tumors of the genitourinary system].
Arkh Patol
December 2024
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in tumors, particularly looking at the markers FAP and PDGFR in bladder and prostate cancers, noting the complexity and variation of CAF functions in tumor development.
- - Researchers analyzed tissue samples from 34 prostate cancer patients and 44 bladder cancer patients to identify the relationship between CAF markers and cancer characteristics like stage, morphology, and survival.
- - Findings show that FAP is linked to metastasis and recurrence in prostate cancer, while its presence is exclusive to invasive bladder cancers, highlighting FAP's potential as a significant marker for diagnosing and understanding treatment resistance in genitourinary tumors.
Prognostic Significance of C-MYC and EGFR Overexpression in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Study.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
January 2025
Surgery, Security Forces Hospital.
Introduction: In addition to mutations in KIT and PDGFRA, many other genetic alterations have been described in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), including amplifications of C-MYC and EGFR, which are often associated with increased protein expression. The main of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of C-MYC and EGFR expression in GISTs using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Methods: We collected all GIST cases over a 16-year period.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Variants and Some Pitfalls That They Create.
Adv Anat Pathol
November 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is generally straightforward using a combination of histologic evaluation and pertinent immunohistochemical staining with CD117/kit and DOG-1 (discovered on GIST) antibodies. However, this tumor can be challenging in cases with an unusual morphology, in limited biopsies, for those in uncommon sites, post-treatment, and when other neoplasms express CD117/kit and DOG-1, thereby mimicking GIST. Finding epithelioid GISTs in the stomach in younger patients should prompt testing for succinate dehydrogenase (SHD)-deficiency using immunohistochemical staining for subunit B (SDHB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive Genomic Assessment of Advanced-Stage GI Stromal Tumors Using the Japanese National Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics Database.
JCO Precis Oncol
October 2024
Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Purpose: Clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for precision medicine has become evident. Although there are several reports on the genomic landscape of GI stromal tumors (GISTs), large-scale data specific to GIST are limited, especially in Asia. Additionally, the applicability of molecular-targeted agents identified using CGP has not been extensively examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatric Hemispheric High-Grade Gliomas and H3.3-G34 Mutation: A Review of the Literature on Biological Features and New Therapeutic Strategies.
Genes (Basel)
August 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) encompasses a wide range of gliomas with different genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features. Almost 50% of pHGGs present a mutation in genes coding for histone 3, including the subtype harboring the H3.3-G34 mutation.
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