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Waterborne toxicity of several dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane congeners to Hyalella azteca and its implications for contaminated sediment assessment.
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Duluth, MN, United States.
Although banned long ago in many countries and jurisdictions, the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and compounds related to it remain in the aquatic environment, particularly in sediments, and can pose risks to aquatic life. To inform ecological risk assessment of these compounds, we tested the toxicity of six DDT congeners, specifically the p, p' (4,4') forms of DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene (DDMU), as well as the o, p' (2,4') isomers of DDT and DDD. The epibenthic amphipod, Hyalella azteca, was exposed for 7 days to waterborne chemical and assessed for changes in survival and growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProfound individual differences in contextualized emotion perception.
J Exp Psychol Gen
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Emotion perception is a fundamental aspect of our lives because others' emotions may provide important information about their reactions, attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Following the seminal work of Ekman, much of the research on emotion perception has focused on facial expressions. Recent evidence suggests, however, that facial expressions may be more ambiguous than previously assumed and that context also plays an important role in deciphering the emotional states of others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeeing Into the Future: Adults' Accuracy Predicting the Vocabulary of Early Symbolic Communicators Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol
January 2025
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Purpose: Vocabulary access is important for individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), especially for children in the early stages of language learning. This study sought to understand how accurate speech-language pathologists (SLPs), teachers, and parents are in predicting the vocabulary needed by early symbolic communicators who use AAC in three contexts.
Method: Ten groups, each with a child who used AAC as their primary mode of communication and who was classified as an early symbolic communicator and their parent, teacher, and SLP, participated.
The Delusional Hedge Algorithm as a Model of Human Learning From Diverse Opinions.
Top Cogn Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Whereas cognitive models of learning often assume direct experience with both the features of an event and with a true label or outcome, much of everyday learning arises from hearing the opinions of others, without direct access to either the experience or the ground-truth outcome. We consider how people can learn which opinions to trust in such scenarios by extending the hedge algorithm: a classic solution for learning from diverse information sources. We first introduce a semi-supervised variant we call the delusional hedge capable of learning from both supervised and unsupervised experiences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Top predators have oversized impacts on food webs and ecosystem dynamics, and introducing a novel predator to a naive environment can have dramatic consequences for endemic biodiversity. Lake Tanganyika is unique among African lakes in the diversity of the pelagic top predators in the genus , where four species are endemic to the lake. Using a combination of reduced-representation and whole genome resequencing data, and pairing these with phylogenetic and demographic modeling approaches, we find that colonization of Lake Tanganyika was much more recent (∼1-2 Mya) than other major and diverse clades within the lake.
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