Benign prostatic hyperplasia after prostatic arterial embolization in a canine model: A 3T multiparametric MRI and whole-mount step-section pathology correlated longitudinal study.

Purpose: To explore the morphological and functional characteristics of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) in a canine model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and whole-mount step-section pathology correlation.

Materials And Methods: Eight adult male beagle dogs with hormone-induced BPH underwent 3T mp-MRI before and 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE, with subsequent whole-mount step-section pathologic assessment. Images were acquired using T -weighted images (T WI), T WI, 3D-SPACE, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), T -mapping, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences. Variance analysis was performed to assess statistical differences in prostatic volume (PV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T values. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to correlate ADC, T , and PV.

Results: The PV decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (25.88 ± 7.09) cm to (6.48 ± 2.08) cm , (6.48 ± 3.39) cm , (6.20 ± 2.88) cm . The ADC values sequentially decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (1497.06 ± 222.72) × 10 mm /s to (1056.00 ± 189.46) × 10 mm /s, (950.48 ± 77.85) × 10 mm /s, (980.98 ± 107.78) × 10 mm /s. The T values decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE were (83.74 ± 5.29) msec, (68.72 ± 5.66) msec, (53.96 ± 15.04) msec, (49.81 ± 13.34) msec, respectively. ADC and T values were positively correlated with PV (r = 0.823 and 0.744, respectively). Microhemorrhages and hemosiderin were found on SWI after PAE.

Conclusion: 3T mp-MRI may facilitate noninvasive assessment of morphological and functional changes of BPH after PAE.

Level Of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1220-1229.