Functional neurological disorders are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Their etiology is unknown, but leading theories propose a disturbance of somatic self-representation: the mind perceives dysfunction of a body region despite intact motor and sensory pathways. Central to this model is the concept of an abnormal top-down cognitive influence upon sensorimotor function. There is growing interest in the use of 5-HT2A agonists in the management of neuropsychiatric conditions. Recent studies have shown that these agents induce changes in neural activity that disrupt hierarchical brain dynamics and modulate networks subserving self-related processing. Converging evidence suggests they may hold unique therapeutic potential in functional neurological disorders. This is of importance given the considerable personal and societal burden of this condition and we argue a clinical trial to test this hypothesis is warranted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx011 | DOI Listing |
J Neuroinflammation
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
Lipid droplets (LDs), serving as the convergence point of energy metabolism and multiple signaling pathways, have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Different cell types within the central nervous system (CNS) can regulate energy metabolism to generate or degrade LDs in response to diverse pathological stimuli. This article provides a comprehensive review on the composition of LDs in CNS, their generation and degradation processes, their interaction mechanisms with mitochondria, the distribution among different cell types, and the roles played by these cells-particularly microglia and astrocytes-in various prevalent neurological disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluids Barriers CNS
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Cerebral autoregulation is a robust regulatory mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow in response to reduced blood pressure, thereby preventing cerebral ischaemia. Scientists have long believed that cerebral autoregulation also stabilizes cerebral blood flow against increases in intracranial pressure, which is another component that determines cerebral perfusion pressure. However, this idea was inconsistent with the complex pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus, which includes components of chronic cerebral ischaemia due to mild increases in intracranial pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res
January 2025
Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cases of EHM have significantly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurodegener
January 2025
College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
Background: Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, will convert into the reactive state in response to proteotoxic stress such as tau accumulation, a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. The formation of reactive astrocytes is partially attributed to the disruption of autophagy lysosomal signaling, and inhibiting of some histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been demonstrated to reduce the molecular and functional characteristics of reactive astrocytes. However, the precise role of autophagy lysosomal signaling in astrocytes that regulates tau pathology remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Headache Pain
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Cesena, Italy.
Background: The term "aura" refers to a well-defined pattern of usually positive, progressive, and reversible neurological symptoms, with spreading depolarization as the underlying mechanism. While commonly associated with migraine, aura can also occur in other neurological disorders (i.e.
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