Pinus sylvestris responds to insect egg deposition by ROS accumulation linked with reduced activity of the ROS scavenger catalase. Egg mortality in needles with hypersensitive response (HR)-like symptoms is enhanced. Aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in plant defence against biotic stressors, including herbivorous insects. Plants may even generate ROS in response to insect eggs, thus effectively fighting against future larval herbivory. However, so far nothing is known on how ROS-mediated plant defence against insect eggs is enzymatically regulated. Neither do we know how insects cope with egg-induced plant ROS. We addressed these gaps of knowledge by studying the activities of ROS-related enzymes in Pinus sylvestris deposited with eggs of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini. This species cuts a slit into pine needles and inserts its eggs into the needle tissue. About a quarter of egg-deposited needles show chlorotic tissue at the oviposition sites, indicating hypersensitive response-like direct defence responses resulting in reduced larval hatching from eggs. Hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase sensitive staining of sections of egg-deposited pine needles revealed the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activity in needle tissue close to the eggs. Activity of ROS-producing NADPH-oxidase did not increase after egg deposition. However, the activity of the ROS-detoxifying enzyme catalase decreased after egg deposition and ovipositional wounding of needles. These results show that local ROS accumulation at the oviposition site is not caused by increased NADPH-oxidase activity, but reduced activity of pine needle catalase may contribute to it. However, our data suggest that pine sawflies can counteract the egg deposition-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in pine needles by high catalase activity in their oviduct secretion which is released with the eggs into pine tissue.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2654-3 | DOI Listing |
Food Chem X
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Egg yolk phospholipids are commercially valuable products that are beneficial to human health. Previous research on phospholipids in egg yolk mainly focuses on phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and fatty acid compositions, and neglects the esterification position and other bioactive phospholipids. This study found a total of 19 classes of phospholipids and 275 subclasses using lipidomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
January 2025
Institute of animal science and technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China. Electronic address:
As the extension of the egg-laying cycle, heightened energy and lipid metabolism cause excessive lipid accumulation, resulting in rapid decline in laying performance during the late laying period. Bile acids (BAs), synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, are potent metabolic and immune signaling molecules involved in lipid metabolism and the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, under different dietary protein levels, the role of BAs on hepatic lipid metabolism of laying hens at the late phase remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
January 2025
Ramboll, 3401 Enterprise Place, Suite 340, Beachwood, Ohio 44122, USA. Electronic address:
Egg injection has been used for decades to determine embryonic mortality and developmental effects of chemical exposures in birds. Specific egg injection methods affect how well these studies replicate the process of chemical delivery to the embryo via maternal deposition, yet few data are available to compare exposure-response relationships between egg injection and maternal transfer studies. This information gap creates uncertainty when considering egg injection studies for assessment of potential adverse effects in wild birds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the effects of SAP or SAO as ω-3 PUFA raw materials on production performance, egg quality, serum immunity, serum lipids, and fatty acid deposition patterns in the eggs of laying quails. Chinese yellow-feathered quails served as the experimental subjects. A single-factor design was employed to randomly assign 1288 quails into four treatment groups, with seven replicates per treatment and 46 birds in each replicate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Econ Entomol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of many fruit trees. The large-scale artificial propagation technology of the insect is the basis for the field application of the sterile insect technique and biological control products based on host mass reproduction. However, a low-cost diet with easily accessible materials remains lacking.
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