Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has multiple causes and is associated with illness that requires admission to the hospital and mortality. The causes of atypical CAP include Legionella species, Chlamydophila, and Mycoplasma. Atypical CAP remains a diagnostic challenge and, therefore, likely is undertreated. This article reviews the advancements in the evaluation and treatment of patients and discusses current conflicts and controversies of atypical CAP.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.011 | DOI Listing |
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gut-brain axis disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and/or epigastric pain, which are presumed to originate in the gastroduodenal tract. While the international recommendations in the Rome IV consensus require endoscopy to rule out an organic condition before establishing a diagnosis of FD, international guidelines recommend that, in the absence of risk factors, patient management be initiated at the primary care level by establishing Helicobacter pylori infection status, with eradication when positive, followed by empiric therapy with proton pump inhibitors and/or prokinetics, and that endoscopy be reserved for patients refractory to said measures. Second-line therapy includes neuromodulating agents, among which tricyclic antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics such as levosulpiride stand out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimage
January 2025
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address:
Chronic pain alters the configuration of brain functional networks. Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a form of chronic visceral pain, which has been identified spatial alterations in brain functional networks using static functional connectivity analysis methods. However, the dynamics alterations of brain functional networks during pain-free periovulation phase remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, GRC.
Adenovirus is a common pathogen responsible for respiratory infections, including pneumonia, predominantly in pediatric populations but also in immunocompromised adults. This case report details an 18-year-old immunocompetent male presenting with severe lobar pneumonia and pleural effusion, initially suggesting a bacterial origin. Despite antibiotic treatment, the patient's symptoms persisted, prompting further investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Veteran's Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
A β-lactam plus a macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone alone is recommended as standard empiric antibacterial therapy for non-severe adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) per Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. However, the evidence in support of adding empiric atypical antibacterial therapy, and specifically the addition of a macrolide, is conflicting and should be balanced with additional factors: the necessity of covering atypical organisms, benefits of macrolide-associated immunomodulation, harms associated with antibiotic use, and selection for antibiotic-resistant organisms. In this review, we examine the role of atypical coverage in standard treatment regimens for patients admitted with non-severe CAP and specifically focus on the addition of macrolides to β-lactams.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
January 2025
China is experiencing a demographic shift as its population ages. The elderly population becomes increasingly susceptible to pneumonia. Pneumonia in the elderly is characterized by its insidious onset, rapid progression, multiple comorbidities, poor prognosis, and high morbidity and mortality.
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