Immune and inflammatory gene expressions are different in Behçet's disease compared to those in Familial Mediterranean Fever.

Objective: The immune classification of Behçet's disease (BD) is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to compare the immune/inflammatory gene expressions in BD with those in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), an autoinflammatory disorder with innate immune activation.

Material And Methods: CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Behçet's disease patients (n=10), FMF (n=6) patients, and healthy controls (n=4) with microbeads, and then, the mRNA was isolated. The expressions of 440 genes associated with immune and inflammatory responses were studied with a focused DNA microarray using a chemiluminescent tagging system. Changes above 1.5-fold and below 0.8-fold were accepted to be significant.

Results: In BD patients, in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte subset, interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein (1.7-fold), IL-7 receptor (1.9-fold), and prokineticin 2 (2.5-fold) were all increased compared to those in FMF patients, whereas chemokine (C-X3-C motif ) receptor-1 (CX3CR1) (0.7-fold) and endothelial cell growth factor-1 (0.6-fold) were decreased. In the CD14+ monocyte population, the V-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (1.5-fold), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) (2.1-fold), and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) (1.8-fold) were all increased, whereas the chemokine (C-C motif ) ligand 5 (CCL5) (0.6-fold), C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (0.6-fold), and CX3CR1 (0.7-fold) were decreased, again when compared to those in FMF. Compared to healthy controls in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte population, in both BD and FMF patients, pro-platelet basic protein and CD27 had elevated expression. In BD and FMF patients, 24 and 19 genes, respectively, were downregulated, with 15 overlapping genes between both disorders. In the CD14+ monocytes population, chemokine (C-C motif ) receptor-1 (CCR1) was upregulated both in BD and FMF patients compared to that in the controls, whereas CCL5 was downregulated.

Conclusion: Immune and inflammatory gene expressions seem to be variable in both the innate (CD14+) and adaptive (CD4+) immune responses in BD and FMF patients compared to those in controls, suggesting differences in immune regulation between the two disorders.