In the search for new antiprotozoal substances, hoshinolactam, an antitrypanosomal lactam, was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium. The gross structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration was determined by the first total synthesis. Hoshinolactam showed potent antitrypanosomal activity with an IC value of 3.9 nM without cytotoxicity against human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells (IC > 25 μM).
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