Neurosurgery has undergone a technological revolution over the past several decades, from trephination to image-guided navigation. Advancements in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) represent some of the newest modalities being integrated into neurosurgical practice and resident education. In this review, we present a historical perspective of the development of VR and AR technologies, analyze its current uses, and discuss its emerging applications in the field of neurosurgery.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.002 | DOI Listing |
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Targeting accuracy of neuronavigation: a comparative evaluation of an innovative wearable AR platform vs. traditional EM navigation.
Front Digit Health
January 2025
Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Wearable augmented reality in neurosurgery offers significant advantages by enabling the visualization of navigation information directly on the patient, seamlessly integrating virtual data with the real surgical field. This ergonomic approach can facilitate a more intuitive understanding of spatial relationships and guidance cues, potentially reducing cognitive load and enhancing the accuracy of surgical gestures by aligning critical information with the actual anatomy in real-time. This study evaluates the benefits of a novel AR platform, VOSTARS, by comparing its targeting accuracy to that of the gold-standard electromagnetic (EM) navigation system, Medtronic StealthStation S7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the realm of 3D measurement, photometric stereo excels in capturing high-frequency details but suffers from accumulated errors that lead to low-frequency distortions in the reconstructed surface. Conversely, light field (LF) reconstruction provides satisfactory low-frequency geometry but sacrifices spatial resolution, impacting high-frequency detail quality. To tackle these challenges, we propose a photometric stereoscopic light field measurement (PSLFM) scheme that harnesses the strengths of both methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWaveguide coupling design is one of the most challenging topics in augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays (NED). The primary challenge stems from the necessity to simultaneously address two competing factors: the overall volume of the AR system and the occurrence of chromatic aberration. To address this issue, what we believe to be a novel tandem trilayer achromatic metasurface is specifically designed for waveguide coupling in AR NEDs, capable of achieving an achromatic effect in a nanometer-thin layer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHolographic displays have the potential to reconstruct natural light field information, making them highly promising for applications in augmented reality (AR), head-up displays (HUD), and new types of transparent three-dimensional (3D) displays. However, current spatial light modulators (SLMs) are constrained by pixel size and resolution, limiting display size. Additionally, existing holographic displays have narrow viewing angles due to device diffraction limits, algorithms, and optical configurations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA diffractive waveguide based on surface relief gratings demonstrates significant potential for augmented reality owing to its ultra-thin and lightweight design, as well as its feasibility for mass production using nanoimprint technology. However, traditional waveguides suffer from low combiner efficiency. To address this issue, we propose what we believe to be a novel double-sided surface relief grating waveguide (abbreviated as double-sided waveguide) with a high combiner efficiency, which comprises a double-sided in-coupler, two single-sided turners, and a double-sided out-coupler.
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