Molecular engineering of a mitochondrial-targeting two-photon in and near-infrared out fluorescent probe for gaseous signal molecules HS in deep tissue bioimaging.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), one of the biologically important gaseous signal molecules, plays an essential role in diverse normal biochemical functions and pathological processes. Herein, an efficient two-photon in and near-infrared out mitochondria-targeting dye has been designed, synthesized and characterized. It is easily synthesized by the condensation reaction (C˭C) of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 6-(diethylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxanthylium (mitochondria-targeting), which possesses large two-photon action absorption cross-section ~160g and high fluorescence quantum yield ~0.15. Encouraged by the results, we proceeded to conjugate this new dye with a HS recognition moiety (4-dinitrobenzene-ether, DNB), on the basis of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) strategy, to construct a novel HS fluorescent probe (TP-NIR-HS), which shows a targeting ability with high sensitivity and selectivity, and low cytotoxicity. This new probe was then applied for two-photon imaging of living cells and tissues and showed high imaging resolution and a deep-tissue imaging depth of ~350µm, thus demonstrating its practical application in biological systems, and providing a valuable theoretical basis and technical support for the study of physiological and pathological functions of HS.