Background: In resource-limited settings, people with disabilities have been left behind in the response to HIV. In the HandiVIH study, we estimate and compare HIV prevalence and associated risk factors between people with and without disabilities.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based, observational study, we used two-phase random sampling to recruit adults with disabilities and a control group matched for age, sex, and residential location from households of the general population. We used the Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability to identify people with disabilities. We administered an HIV test and a life-course history interview to participants. The primary outcome was the prevalence of HIV among participants with and without disabilities.
Findings: Between Oct 2, 2014, and Nov 30, 2015, we recruited 807 people with disabilities and 807 participants without disabilities from Yaoundé, Cameroon. 28 of 716 people in the control population had a positive HIV test result (crude prevalence 3·9%, 95% CI 2·9-5·3) compared with 50 of 739 people with disabilities (6·8%, 5·0-8·6; conditional odds ratio [OR] 1·7; p=0·04). Women with disabilities were more often involved in paid sexual relationships than were women without disabilities (2·5% vs 0·5%, p=0·05). People with disabilities were also at increased risk of sexual violence than were women without disabilities (11·0% vs 7·5%, OR 1·5; p=0·01). Sexual violence and sex work were strongly associated with increased risk of HIV infection among participants with disabilities but not among controls (OR 3·0, 95% CI 1·6-5·6 for sexual violence and 12·3, 4·4-34·6 for sex work). Analyses were done in men and women.
Interpretation: The higher prevalence of HIV infection in people with disabilities than people without disabilities reflects a higher exposure to HIV infection as well as the presence of disability-associated HIV infection. The susceptibility of people with disabilities to HIV infection seems to be shaped by social and environmental factors. Research is needed to inform firm recommendations on how to protect this vulnerable population.
Funding: Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS-Inserm) and the 5% Initiative.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30209-0 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Background: People with dementia of all ages have a human right to equal access to quality health care. Despite evidence regarding its effectiveness, many people living with dementia lack access to evidence-based rehabilitation for promoting function and quality of life. The aims of this study were to 1) explore barriers to access to dementia rehabilitation; and 2) identify solutions which improve access to rehabilitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, USA.
Background: Many individuals with health problems and/or disabilities are largely dependent on the help of an informal caregiver, most often a family member with whom they live (CDC Report, 2018). A recent report by the Alzheimer's Association (2023) found that, compared with caregivers of people without dementia, twice as many caregivers of those with dementia have reported significant emotional, financial, and physical difficulties. Despite the important role that caregivers have in our society, research on potential factors that may buffer the negative impacts of caregiving has been lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Sleep-related breathing disorders are commonly reported in the Down Syndrome (DS) population, but data on its prevalence and severity are scarce, especially for the adult population. The increase in life expectancy and premature aging in patients with DS reinforces the need for an assessment of sleep quality. This study evaluated sleep-disordered breathing in adults with DS using sleep measures by polysomnography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects over 55 million people worldwide and is characterized by abnormal deposition of amyloid-β and tau in the brain causing neuronal damage and disrupting transmission within brain circuits. Episodic memory loss, executive deficits, and depression are common symptoms arising from altered function in spatially distinct brain circuits that greatly contribute to disability. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can target these circuits and has shown promise to relieve specific symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Newcastle University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.
Background: Approximately 944,000 people are living with dementia in the UK (∼0.8% of the population). The World Health Organisation consider dementia a public health priority.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!