Remodeling of rat stromal-vascular cells to brite/beige adipocytes by prolyl-hydroxyproline.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat stromal-vascular cells (SVCs) being cultured in a medium with (Pro-Hyp group) or without Pro-Hyp (control group). The results showed that there was no significant difference in proliferation rate of SVCs, lipid droplet (LD) diameter or intracellular concentration of triglycerides between two groups. However, the diameter range of LDs in the Pro-Hyp group tended to be smaller than that in the control group. Transmission electron microscopy showed a tendency for increase in the area of mitochondria and decrease in the number of mitochondria in the Pro-Hyp-treated SVCs. The mRNA expression levels of white adipose tissue differentiation markers (Cbp, Fabp and Serpina3k) were significantly lower, but those of the brown adipose tissue differentiation markers (Dio2, Ucp1 and Ucp3) were significantly higher in the Pro-Hyp group than in the control group. Our results suggested that Pro-Hyp can facilitate SVCs to differentiate into "brite/beige" adipocytes.