A SUMO Ligase AtMMS21 Regulates the Stability of the Chromatin Remodeler BRAHMA in Root Development.

Chromatin remodeling is essential for gene expression regulation in plant development and response to stresses. Brahma (BRM) is a conserved ATPase in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is involved in various biological processes in plant cells, but the regulation mechanism on BRM protein remains unclear. Here, we report that BRM interacts with AtMMS21, a SUMO ligase in Arabidopsis (). The interaction was confirmed in different approaches in vivo and in vitro. The mutants of and displayed a similar defect in root development. In the mutant, the protein level of BRM-GFP was significantly lower than that in wild type, but the RNA level of did not change. Biochemical evidence indicated that BRM was modified by SUMO3, and the reaction was enhanced by AtMMS21. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type AtMMS21 but not the mutated AtMMS21 without SUMO ligase activity was able to recover the stability of BRM in Overexpression of in partially rescued the developmental defect of roots. Taken together, these results supported that AtMMS21 regulates the protein stability of BRM in root development.