AI Article Synopsis
- Dopamine (DA) is crucial for functions related to reward, mood, movement, and attention, with its levels being regulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT) post-release.
- Imbalances in DA due to DAT dysfunction are linked to neurological disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease, and ADHD, making DAT a target for certain drugs.
- Recent research highlights how S-palmitoylation affects DAT activity and stability, suggesting that understanding this process could help find new treatments for disorders related to dopamine regulation.
Article Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays a key role in several biological processes including reward, mood, motor activity and attention. Synaptic DA homeostasis is controlled by the dopamine transporter (DAT) which transports extracellular DA into the presynaptic neuron after release and regulates its availability to receptors. Many neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson disease and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are associated with imbalances in DA homeostasis that may be related to DAT dysfunction. DAT is also a target of psychostimulant and therapeutic drugs that inhibit DA reuptake and lead to elevated dopaminergic neurotransmission. We have recently demonstrated the acute and chronic modulation of DA reuptake activity and DAT stability through S-palmitoylation, the linkage of a 16-carbon palmitate group to cysteine via a thioester bond. This review summarizes the properties and regulation of DAT palmitoylation and describes how it serves to affect various transporter functions. Better understanding of the role of palmitoylation in regulation of DAT function may lead to identification of therapeutic targets for modulation of DA homeostasis in the treatment of dopaminergic disorders.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6077000 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.01.002 | DOI Listing |
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