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Adjusting for Ascertainment Bias in Meta-Analysis of Penetrance for Cancer Risk.
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Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
Multi-gene panel testing allows efficient detection of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes including moderate-risk genes such as ATM and PALB2. A growing number of studies examine the risk of breast cancer (BC) conferred by pathogenic variants of these genes. A meta-analysis combining the reported risk estimates can provide an overall estimate of age-specific risk of developing BC, that is, penetrance for a gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistribution of opioid analgesics by community racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles, 2011-2021.
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Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Rapid declines in opioid analgesics dispensed in American communities since 2011 raise concerns about inadequate access to effective pain management among patients for whom opioid therapies are appropriate, especially for those living in racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically deprived communities. Using 2011 to 2021 national data from the Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System and generalized linear models, this study examined quarterly per capita distribution of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine (in oral morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) by communities' racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles. Communities (defined by 3-digit-zip codes areas) were classified as "majority White" (≥50% self-reported non-Hispanic White population) vs "majority non-White.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Radiotherapy (RT)/cetuximab (C) demonstrated superiority over RT alone for locally advanced squamous head and neck cancer. We tested this in completely resected, intermediate-risk cancer.
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Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives on Molecular Biomarkers in Adult Lower-Grade Gliomas.
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There has been a significant paradigm shift in the clinical management of lower-grade glioma patients given the recent updates to the 2021 World Health Organization classification along with long-term results from randomized phase III clinical trials. As a result, we are now better able to diagnose and assign patients to the most appropriate treatment course. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most robust and reliable molecular biomarkers for adult lower-grade gliomas and discusses current challenges facing this patient population that future correlative biology studies combined with advancements in technologies could help overcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting BRCA1-deficient PARP inhibitor-resistant cells with nickases reveals nick resection as a cancer vulnerability.
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Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Tumors lacking the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) hereditary breast cancer genes display heightened sensitivity to anti-cancer treatments, such as inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). However, when resistance develops, treatments are lacking. Using CRISPR technology, we discovered that enhancing homologous recombination through increased DNA end resection in BRCA1-deficient cells by loss of the 53BP1-Shieldin complex-which is associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors-also heightens sensitivity to DNA nicks.
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