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In many industrial activities, workers may be exposed by inhalation to particles that are aerosolized, To predict the human health hazard of these materials, we propose to develop a co-culture model (macrophages, granulocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells) designed to be more representative of the inflammatory pulmonary response occurring in vivo. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells were used as macrophages, All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-differentiated HL60 were used as granulocytes and A549 were used as epithelial alveolar type II cells. A crystalline silica sample DQ12 was used as a prototypical particle for its capabilities to induce DNA damage, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in epithelial cells; its polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO)-surface modified counterpart was also used as a negative particulate control.

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Background And Objective: Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is characterized by patients exhibiting features of both asthma and COPD. Currently, there is no specific treatment for ACO. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting CD131, a shared receptor subunit for IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF, in ACO development and in preventing acute viral exacerbations.

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This study examined the energy-dependent physiological responses, including stress, innate immune, and antioxidant systems, as well as indicators of energy mobilization, in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) exposed to intermittent cold, aiming to assess the correlations between these responses. The fish were acclimated to 28 °C, divided into two groups, a control group maintained at 28 °C, and another exposed to 16 °C for two 24 h periods with a 5-day interval between them. The fish were sampled at six time points: baseline (after acclimatization to 28 °C), 24 h after the 1st exposure to 16 °C, after 5 days of recovery at 28 °C, 24 h after the 2nd exposure to 16 °C, and after 24 and 48 h of recovery at 28 °C.

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