A retrospective comparison of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch with single anastomosis duodenal switch (SIPS-stomach intestinal pylorus sparing surgery) at a single institution with two year follow-up.

Background: The traditional duodenal switch is performed using a Roux-en-Y configuration. This procedure has proven to be the most effective procedure for long-term weight loss and co-morbidity reduction. Recently, stomach intestinal pylorus sparing surgery (SIPS) has been introduced as a simpler and potentially safer variation of the duodenal switch (DS). It is a single anastomosis end-to-side proximal duodeno-ileal bypass with a sleeve gastrectomy. In this study, we compare our outcomes between biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and SIPS at 2 years.

Setting: This is a retrospective analysis from a single surgeon at a single private institution.

Methods: We analyzed data from 182 patients retrospectively, 62 patients underwent BPD-DS while 120 other patients underwent SIPS between September 2011 and March 2015. A subset analysis was performed comparing data from both procedures to evaluate weight loss and complications.

Results: Of 182 patients, 156 patients were beyond 1 year postoperative mark and 99 patients were beyond 2 year postoperative mark. Five patients were lost to follow-up. None of our patients had complications resulting in death. BPD-DS and SIPS had statistically similar weight loss at 3 months but percent excess weight loss (%EWL) was more with BPD-DS than SIPS at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Patient lost a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.3 (follow-up: 69%) and 20.3 kg/m (follow-up: 71%) at 2 years from the BPD-DS and SIPS surgery, respectively. However, patients who had undergone SIPS procedure had significantly shorter operative time, shorter length of stay, fewer perioperative and postoperative complications than BPD-DS (P<.001). Interestingly, even though BPD-DS patients lost slightly more weight, the actual final BMI for SIPS group was lower than BPD-DS group (25.6 versus 26.9) (P<.05). There was no statistical difference between 2 groups for postoperative nutritional data such as vitamins D, B1, B12, serum calcium, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin, serum albumin, serum total protein, and lipid panel.

Conclusion: The SIPS is a simplified DS procedure. The SIPS eliminates one anastomosis and compared with BPD-DS has fewer perioperative and postoperative complications, shorter operative time and length of stay, and similar nutritional results at 2 years. However, weight loss was more with BPD-DS. A fair criticism is that the vast majority of BPD-DS cases were done before the SIPS cases. As a result, experience and learning curve cannot be completely dismissed when viewing postoperative complications.