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Hyponatremia with an Osmolar Gap, Pseudohyponatremia or Hyper-Osmolar Hyponatremia?
Am J Med Open
June 2025
Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
Pseudohyponatremia is frequently misunderstood and often mistaken for other types of hyponatremia. In this study, we present a case of pseudohyponatremia resulting from hypertriglyceridemia. We provide an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, comparing them with those of other hyponatremic disorders, and outline the diagnostic approach used to identify this atypical form of hyponatremia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplex equilibrium involving aldosterone underlies the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension.
Clin Pediatr Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
The mechanisms underlying the maintenance of hypertension in renovascular hypertension (RVH) are not well understood. To test the current concept of RVH pathophysiology, circulating aldosterone levels in clinical cases were investigated through a literature survey of pediatric cases. Fifty-four patients with documented aldosterone levels were identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Case of Hyponatremic Hypertensive Syndrome With Neurologic Sequelae Secondary to Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis.
Cureus
September 2024
Internal Medicine, Dayton Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (Wright State University Internal Medicine Associate Faculty), Dayton, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Unilateral renal artery stenosis can lead to a rare and serious condition known as hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS), which presents with low sodium levels and high blood pressure.
- A case study highlights a 62-year-old man experiencing HHS during a hypertensive emergency complicated by encephalopathy.
- Early diagnosis and management focusing on fluid and electrolyte balance are crucial to reduce complications and enhance patient outcomes.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Presenting as Delirium With Psychosis and Agitation in the Postpartum Period.
Cureus
March 2024
Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, USA.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which was first described in 1996, is a neurologic condition characterized by a combination of clinical and neuroimaging findings. PRES may arise in the context of preeclampsia, eclampsia, renal failure, and sepsis, among other conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of PRES include altered mental status, agitation, and in some cases psychosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyponatremia Treatment Guidelines - Have They Gone Too Far?
NEJM Evid
April 2023
Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality affecting hospitalized patients. It is an independent predictor for mortality and is associated with increased length of hospital stay and higher costs. The most serious potential complication is hyponatremic encephalopathy, a medical emergency that can result in death or irreversible brain injury if inadequately treated.
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