Thermal convection in a cylinder and the problem of planform selection in an internally heated fluid layer.

The paper deals with the hexagonal convective flow near the stability threshold in an internally heated fluid layer. In our previous numerical study of convection near the stability threshold in a square box with internal heat generation [Phys. Lett. A 377, 2111 (2013)]PYLAAG0375-960110.1016/j.physleta.2013.06.013 for a region of large horizontal extent, it has been shown that at small values of Prandtl number (Pr), convection sets in as a pattern of hexagonal cells with upward motion in the center (up-hexagons), whereas at large Pr, a stable flow pattern is formed by hexagonal cells with a downward motion in the center (down-hexagons). Here, we study axisymmetric convection in a cylinder as a model of motion in a single hexagonal cell. The radius of the cylinder matches the size of hexagons observed in our three-dimensional simulation. The lateral boundary of the cylinder is free and heat insulated. Horizontal bounding surfaces are rigid. The upper boundary is maintained at a constant temperature; the lower one is insulated. Two stable, steady-state motions with the upward and downward flow at the cylinder axis have been attained in calculations, irrespective of Pr. Cylindrical motion with the same direction of circulation as in the stable hexagons has a maximum temperature drop measured along the radius at the bottom of the cell. We suggest maximization of the temperature drop as a selection criterion, which determines the preferred state of motion in an internally heated fluid layer. This new selection principle is validated by the comparative analysis of the dominant nonlinear effects in low- and high-Prandtl number convection.