Background: Pneumonia and diarrhea occur either as complications or secondary infections in measles affected children. So, the integrated Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) by WHO and UNICEF includes measles vaccination as preventive measure in children. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of measles vaccination on Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and diarrhea in children in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan.
Methods: We analyzed data from the most recent rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in the selected countries. We included children age 12-59 months in the analysis. We used multivariable binary logistic regression to examine the effect of measles vaccination on ARI and diarrhea in children. We also estimated Vaccination Effectiveness (VE).
Findings: More than 60 percent of the children age 12-59 months were given measles vaccine before the survey in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India and Pakistan. Children who were given the measles vaccine were less likely to suffer from ARI than unvaccinated children in India and Pakistan. Children who were given the measles vaccine had a lower risk of diarrhea than those who did not receive it in all the selected countries except Ethiopia. Measles vaccination was associated with reduction in ARI cases by 15-30 percent in India and Pakistan, and diarrhea cases by 12-22 percent in the Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan.
Conclusion: The receipt of the measles vaccine was associated with decrease in ARI and diarrhea in children. The immunization program must ensure that each child gets the recommended doses of measles vaccine at the appropriate age. The measles vaccination should be given more attention as a preventive intervention under the Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) in all low and middle-income countries.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5226778 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169713 | PLOS |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cyclophosphamide treatment with a comparison in both pediatric rheumatology and pediatric nephrology practices.
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J
March 2025
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an inactive alkylating agent that transforms the alkyl radicals into other molecules and is used in combination with systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of many childhood rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In recent years, rituximab (RTX), a B-cell-targeting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a new alternative treatment modality over CYC for induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Clinicians adopt different practices for using CYC particularly in relation to indications, posology, pre-treatment laboratory work-up, post-treatment follow-up, and screening pre- and post-treatment vaccination status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow levels of pertussis- and measles-specific IgG antibodies in 6-week-old HIV-exposed and -unexposed Malawian infants: implications for vaccination strategies and role of long term HIV therapy.
J Trop Pediatr
February 2025
National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome Italy.
Serological studies in infants can provide valuable information on the degree of protection conferred by IgG maternal passive transfer during early life. If infant levels are inadequate, protection may be incomplete, increasing the risk of life-threatening diseases such as pertussis and measles, before immunization completion. In addition, HIV infection, -highly prevalent in African countries like Malawi-may impair transplacental antibody transfer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing the geographic and socioeconomic determinants of vaccine coverage in Ethiopia: A spatial and multistage analysis at the district level.
Vaccine
March 2025
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Despite substantial progress over the past decades, many Ethiopian children still lack the full WHO-recommended immunization schedule. Notably, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-Hib-HepB and measles vaccines present large coverage disparities in Ethiopia. This study integrated routine, survey and census data from health, geographic and socioeconomic sources at the district level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe long term benefits of the measles vaccine in Mexico.
J Health Econ
February 2025
Vassar College, NY, United States. Electronic address:
We investigate the impacts on education and employment of a reduction in measles stemming from a nationwide immunization program in Mexico. The program lead to significant improvements in childhood health as measles causes "immune amnesia", leaving individuals susceptible to illness from other diseases. We find the measles vaccine led to large increases in educational attainment for both men and women, with the effects being concentrated in lower secondary school for women and split between lower and upper secondary school for men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociated factors for dropout of first versus third doses of pentavalent vaccination in Tanzania.
Vaccine
March 2025
Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Electronic address:
The pentavalent is a vaccine against Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Haemophilus type B influenza. A child is considered a pentavalent vaccination dropout if they have received the first dosage as advised but have not obtained the third dose. In Tanzania, the first-dose receiver of pentavalent was approximately 97 %, whereas only 89 % received a third dose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!