AI Article Synopsis
- Karlodinium veneficum is a harmful algal bloom species known for producing toxic compounds called karlotoxins, which can damage blood cells and have adverse effects on fish.
- Researchers reported the first chemical structures of two new karlotoxins, 4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2 and 4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2, isolated from a strain of this dinoflagellate.
- The structures of these toxins were determined using advanced techniques like tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), revealing a new feature that enhances their hemolytic activity.
Article Abstract
The dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a harmful algal bloom species with a worldwide distribution. This small athecate dinoflagellate makes a family of polyketide toxins that are hemolytic, cytotoxic and ichthyotoxic. The first chemical structure for karlotoxins from East China Sea (ECS) is reported here. The two new karlotoxins, namely 4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2 (compound 1) and 4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2 (compound 2), were isolated and purified from monoalgal cultures of K. veneficum strain GM2. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including tandem mass spectrometry as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. These new karlotoxin congeners feature a saturated polyol arm different from previously reported for KmTx 2 that appears to increase hemolytic activity.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5228562 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.001 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Influence of mixotrophy on cell cycle phase duration and correlation of karlotoxin synthesis with light and G1 phase in Karlodinium veneficum.
Harmful Algae
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Karlodinium veneficum is known for causing toxic blooms that kill fish in estuaries, with toxicity being influenced by the growth rates and stage of the bloom.
- Its growth cycles are expected to align with light and dark periods, but since K. veneficum is mixotrophic (also consuming microalgae), the impact of this on growth and toxin production is not well understood.
- Research showed that mixotrophic cultures of K. veneficum maintained a synchronized cell cycle and produced toxins primarily during light hours, indicating that mixotrophy increases growth rates and plays a role in synchronizing cell cycles with toxin synthesis.
Accumulation and depuration of 4,5-dihydro-KmTx2 from Karlodinium veneficum in the bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria and Sinonovacula constricta.
Harmful Algae
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China. Electronic address:
Bivalves (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) are a significant part of the global diet and are harvested for their nutritional value, but as filter feeders they are susceptible to the accumulation of toxins produced by certain species of phytoplankton.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetermining ecological interactions of key dinoflagellate species using an intensive metabarcoding approach in a semi-closed coastal ecosystem of South Korea.
Harmful Algae
September 2024
Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Marine phytoplankton communities are pivotal in biogeochemical cycles and impact global climate change. However, the dynamics of the dinoflagellate community, its co-occurrence relationship with other eukaryotic plankton communities, and environmental factors remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the temporal changes in the eukaryotic plankton community using a 18S rDNA metabarcoding approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSterolysin from a 1950s culture of Karlodinium veneficum (aka Gymnodinium veneficum Ballantine) forms lethal sterol dependent membrane pores.
Sci Rep
August 2024
Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
In 1957 Abbott and Ballantine described a highly toxic activity from a dinoflagellate isolated from the English Channel in 1949 by Mary Park. From a culture maintained at Plymouth Laboratory since 1950, we have been able to isolate two toxic molecules (abbotoxin and 59-E-Chloro-abbotoxin), determine the planar structures by analysis of HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and found them to be karlotoxin (KmTx) congeners. Both toxins kill larval zebrafish with symptoms identical to those described by Abbot and Ballantine for gobies (Gobius virescens).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllelopathy of extracellular chemicals released by Karlodinium veneficum on photosynthesis of Prorocentrum donghaiense.
J Hazard Mater
September 2024
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address:
Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karlodinium veneficum are the dominant species of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea. The role of their allelopathy on the succession of marine phytoplankton populations is a subject of ongoing debate, particularly concerning the formation of blooms. To explore the allelopathy of K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!