AI Article Synopsis
- APOBEC3G (A3G) is an enzyme that converts cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA and is known for inhibiting the replication of retroviruses like HIV-1.
- A3G gets incorporated into HIV-1 particles and specifically targets the viral reverse transcripts in newly infected cells, which is vital for its antiviral activity.
- The article discusses both the ways A3G's deaminase activity can lead to viral DNA degradation and how it might cause mutations that push the virus toward "error catastrophe," ultimately affecting its replication.
Article Abstract
APOBEC3G (A3G) is a member of the cellular polynucleotide cytidine deaminases, which catalyze the deamination of cytosine (dC) to uracil (dU) in single-stranded DNA. These enzymes potently inhibit the replication of a variety of retroviruses and retrotransposons, including HIV-1. A3G is incorporated into -deficient HIV-1 virions and targets viral reverse transcripts, particularly minus-stranded DNA products, in newly infected cells. It is well established that the enzymatic activity of A3G is closely correlated with the potential to greatly inhibit HIV-1 replication in the absence of Vif. However, the details of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. One potential mechanism of A3G antiviral activity is that the A3G-dependent deamination may trigger degradation of the dU-containing reverse transcripts by cellular uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs). More recently, another mechanism has been suggested, in which the virion-incorporated A3G generates lethal levels of the G-to-A hypermutation in the viral DNA genome, thus potentially driving the viruses into "error catastrophe" mode. In this mini review article, we summarize the deaminase-dependent and deaminase-independent molecular mechanisms of A3G and discuss how A3G-mediated deamination is linked to antiviral mechanisms.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5165236 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02027 | DOI Listing |
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