The formation of Cr, Pb, and Cd species under various operating conditions in a pilot-scale fluidized-bed incinerator was investigated. Examined were the effects of (1) an organic chloride (PVC) additive, (2) an inorganic chloride (NaCl) additive, and (3) NaNO and PVC additives, under various operating temperatures. Two-stage modeling was performed to match the actual incineration conditions of the current study. Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis indicated that CrO, PbCl, and CdCl were the dominant species of Cr, Pb, and Cd when an organic chloride (PVC) was present, whereas PbO and CdO were the dominant species under the other operating conditions. The XRD analysis identified CrO, PbCl, and CdCl»HO as the dominant species of Cr, Pb, and Cd when an organic chloride (PVC) was present, whereas CrO, PbO, PbO, CdO, and CdCO were identified under the other operating conditions. The sodium contained in the feedstock was shown to react with chlorine to form sodium chloride both in modeling results and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The temperature of the operating conditions had little effect on the formation of heavy metal species.
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