Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a less toxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is employed as a vaccine adjuvant and is under investigation as a non-specific immunomodulator. However, the differential response of human leukocytes to MPLA and LPS has not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to compare the differential transcriptomic response of human blood to LPS and MPLA. Venous blood from human volunteers was stimulated with LPS, MPLA or vehicle. Gene expression was determined using microarray analysis. Among 21,103 probes profiled, 136 and 130 genes were differentially regulated by LPS or MPLA, respectively. Seventy four genes were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated by both ligands. The remaining genes were differentially induced by either agent. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted that LPS and MPLA share similar upstream regulators and have comparable effects on canonical pathways and cellular functions. However, some pro-inflammatory cytokine and inflammasome-associated transcripts were more strongly induced by LPS. In contrast, only the macrophage-regulating chemokine CCL7 was preferentially up-regulated by MPLA. In conclusion, LPS and MPLA induce similar transcriptional profiles. However, LPS more potently induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and inflammasome-linked transcripts. Thus, MPLA is a less potent activator of the pro-inflammatory response but retains effective immunomodulatory activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40050 | DOI Listing |
Int Immunopharmacol
December 2024
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000 Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Baoding, 071000 Hebei, China. Electronic address:
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2023
Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India.
Leptospirosis is a globally significant zoonotic disease. The current inactivated vaccine offers protection against specific serovars but does not provide complete immunity. Various surface antigens, such as immunoglobulin-like proteins (LigA and LigB), have been identified as potential subunit vaccine candidates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Leukoc Biol
January 2024
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee.
Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induces an augmented, broad-spectrum antimicrobial response to subsequent infection, a phenomenon termed innate immune memory. This study examined the effects of treatment with β-glucan, a fungus-derived dectin-1 ligand, or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a bacteria-derived Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, on innate immune memory with a focus on identifying common cellular and molecular pathways activated by these diverse PAMPs. Treatment with either PAMP prepared the innate immune system to respond more robustly to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in vivo by facilitating mobilization of innate leukocytes into blood, recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection, augmentation of microbial clearance, and attenuation of cytokine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
May 2023
Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA.
(L.) Dunal (family ) is a medicinal plant known for, among many pharmacological properties, an immune boosting effect. Our recent study revealed that its key immunostimulatory factor is lipopolysaccharide of plant-associated bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncotarget
September 2022
Deparment of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
The transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the GLI family and has been shown to be regulated by canonical hedgehog (HH) signaling through smoothened (SMO). Little is known about SMO-independent regulation of GLI3. Here, we identify TLR signaling as a novel pathway regulating GLI3 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!