J Clin Diagn Res
Consultant Interventional and Cardiac Radiologist, Radiology, Ramesh Hospitals, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India .
Published: November 2016
Introduction: Laser ablation and sclerotherapy, as minimally invasive alternatives to surgery for varicose veins, have good efficacy, safety and cosmetic result. Some form of anaesthesia is generally used for pain control.
Aim: To describe the technique and evaluate the efficacy and safety of femoral, saphenous and sciatic nerve blocks in isolation or in combination for analgesia during laser ablation and sclerotherapy for lower limb varicose veins.
Materials And Methods: In this prospective observational study, over a period of 33 months, in 856 limbs of 681 patients with varicose veins, ultrasound guided femoral, saphenous and sciatic nerve blocks for analgesia were performed in 769, 808 and 52 instances respectively; following which, endovenous laser ablation, sclerotherapy or combination of both were carried out using standard practice. After completion of the procedure, Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment, and muscle weakness was assessed clinically.
Results: Nerve blocks could be successfully performed in all patients. Observed pain scores were 0 or 1 in 591 (69%), 2 or 3 in 214 (25%) and 4 in 51 (9%) legs with no score more than 4. Higher grades of pain were noted in femoral blocks during early stages of our learning curve. Mild to moderate muscle weakness was observed in 163 (2%) and 7 (13%) patients who underwent femoral and sciatic block respectively, which persisted for an average of two and a half hours and none beyond four and a half hours; saphenous nerve being a pure sensory nerve, did not cause motor weakness.
Conclusion: For analgesia during laser ablation and/or sclerotherapy of varicose veins, ultrasound guided nerve blocks can be easily and quickly performed. They provide excellent pain relief and comfort to the patient and to the operator; and they do not cause any additional complication.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/22897.8874 | DOI Listing |
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Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province, 423000, China.
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Mol Cell Endocrinol
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Gastric Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:
Objective: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is involved in the modulation of multiple physiological activities, and the vagus nerve plays an important role in this process. However, the association between vagus nerve function and nutritional regulation remains unclear. Here, we explored changes in the nutritional status of mice after vagotomy and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes.
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Department of Anaesthesia, Main-Kinzig-Kliniken, Herzbachweg 14, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
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January 2025
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Spaziani Hospital, Frosinone, Italy.
J Pain Res
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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