This study tested the prediction that, with age, children should rely less on familiarity and more on expertise in their selective social learning. Experiment 1 (N = 50) found that 5- to 6-year-olds copied the technique their mother used to extract a prize from a novel puzzle box, in preference to both a stranger and an established expert. This bias occurred despite children acknowledging the expert model's superior capability. Experiment 2 (N = 50) demonstrated a shift in 7- to 8-year-olds toward copying the expert. Children aged 9-10 years did not copy according to a model bias. The findings of a follow-up study (N = 30) confirmed that, instead, they prioritized their own-partially flawed-causal understanding of the puzzle box.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12711 | DOI Listing |
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao
May 2017
Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
The study was to express prME protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in Pichia pastoris and then to evaluate the immunological properties of the recombinant protein in mice, so as to explore a new way for subunit vaccine development of JEV. The JEV prME gene was amplified by RT-PCR with genome RNA of JEV vaccine strain SA14-14-2 and subcloned into pPICZa-A vector, designated as pPICZα-prME. pPICZα-SprME was constructed same as pPICZα-prME besides with the additional 19 Aa signal peptides coding gene of the JEV cap protein C terminal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNMR Biomed
July 2004
Department of Biophysical chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Using in vivo (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, the energy metabolism in rat brain has commonly been studied via infusion of (13)C-labeled substrates on a minute to hour time scale. In the present study, as a novel approach, (13)C-enriched animal chow was administered over several days and compared with a 2 h infusion of [U-(13)C(6)]-glucose. Rats received chow containing either [U-(13)C(6)]-glucose or [U-(13)C]-biomass (a mixture of proteins, lipids, DNA, and carbohydrates) during 3 to 5 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Magn Reson B
April 1995
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA.
T2 relaxation measurements for choline (Cho), total creatine (Cr = creatine + phosphocreatine), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were made separately in eight healthy volunteers using an average of forty 0.5 cc volumes (20 from grey matter and 20 from white matter) in spectroscopic images with a 32 x 32 resolution and a 240 mm field of view. In grey matter, the means and standard deviations of the T2 values were 186 +/- 23, 149 +/- 10, and 232 +/- 15 ms for Cho, Cr, and NAA, respectively, and in white matter, the mean T2 values were 178 +/- 16, 143 +/- 8, and 228 +/- 16 ms, respectively, with no significant differences between grey and white matter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF1. Since the anti-inflammatory effect of 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl-N-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)anthranilate (etofenamate, TVX 485, Rheumon Gel) is occasionally stronger than that of flufenamic acid and as its toxicity is in the same range as that of the latter, a wider therapeutic margin may be expected for etofenamate in therapeutic use of Rheumon gel. 2.
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