Access to Care and Depression among Emergency Department Patients.

Background: The prevalence of depression among patients in the emergency department (ED) is significantly higher than in the general population, making the ED a potentially important forum for the identification of depression and intervention. Concomitant to the identification of depression is the issue of patient access to appropriate care.

Objective: This study sought to establish prevalence estimates of potential barriers to care among ED patients and relate these barriers with symptoms of depression.

Methods: Two medical students conducted brief surveys on all ED patients ≥ 18 years on demographics, perceived access to care, and depression.

Results: A total of 636 participants were enrolled. The percentage of participants with mild or greater depression was 42%. The majority of patients reported experiencing some barriers to care, with the most prominent being difficulty finding transportation, work responsibilities, and the feeling that the doctor is not responsive to their concerns. Higher depression scores were bivariately associated with higher overall barriers to care mean scores (r = 0.44; p < 0.001), suggesting that greater symptoms of depression are associated with greater difficulties accessing care. Particularly strong associations were observed between symptoms of depression and difficulty finding transportation, the feeling that the doctor is not responsive to patients' concerns, embarrassment about a potential illness, and confusion trying to schedule an appointment.

Conclusions: Across all barriers analyzed, there was a greater incidence of depression associated with a greater perception of barriers. These barriers may be used as potential targets for intervention to increase access to health care resources.