Well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) are prepared via photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) using ppm amounts of CuBr /tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and CuBr /tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine catalyst complexes, respectively, without degassing of polymerization mixture and with no need to introduce an external reducing agent to the system. The effect of ligand to CuBr ratio on kinetic and induction period during the polymerization of MMA and MA is investigated. The induction period is influenced also by the amount of oxygen in the polymerization system. Both the kinetics of MA polymerization and the induction period are affected by light intensity. Finally, the high livingness and initiation efficiency of the photoATRP system in the presence of air are proved by chain extension polymerizations. The presented system is valuable from an industrial point of view, since after optimization, well-defined and high-molar-mass poly(meth)acrylates can be prepared without the necessity of degassing the system, while the polymerization can be proceeded quickly and without an induction period.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600639 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Bot
January 2025
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
In nature, environmental conditions strongly fluctuate, frequently subjecting plants to periods of immediate photo-oxidative stress. The small molecule ascorbate allows plants to cope with such stress conditions. Ascorbate scavenges reactive oxygen species and enables the rapid and full induction of photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ).
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January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Living kidney transplantation is a common treatment for end-stage renal disease. The impact of anaesthetics on postoperative biomarkers of renal injury in living kidney transplant donors is not well understood.
Patients And Methods: 70 transplant donors who underwent kidney extraction were randomly assigned to following two groups: sevoflurane (S group) and propofol (P group).
J Pain Res
January 2025
School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Purpose: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain condition characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction with a world-wide prevalence of 26.2 per 100,000 people per year and is 3 to 4 times more prevalent in females. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown to be beneficial for pain relief in neuropathic pain and initial evidence in CRPS is promising, but studies are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
January 2025
Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
The thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate (SC-MH) exhibits kinetic characteristics that are typical of the thermal decomposition of solids with a reversible nature. One of the characteristics is the physico-geometrical constraints of the reaction due to the heterogeneous reaction feature. Another factor is the considerable impact of the atmospheric and self-generated water vapor on the kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Vasc Surg
January 2025
The George Washington University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington, D.C., USA.
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant morbidity following major open abdominal surgery. While there are clear recommendations for perioperative and post-discharge VTE chemoprophylaxis in general surgery, guidance for vascular patients is unclear. We compared the incidence of VTE in vascular versus general surgery cases and then investigated the timing of VTE in vascular patients.
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