To identify the effect of chlorine dosage in prechlorination on the formation of disinfection by-products during drinking water treatment process, the relationship between chlorine dosage and concentrations of THMs and HAAs was analyzed. Furthermore, the variation about the ratio of THMs/HAAs was also analyzed. The results indicated that concentrations of THMs and HAAs would rise with the increase of chlorine dosage, and TCM was the main product of four THMs, while DCAA and TCAA were the primary products of five HAAs. Moreover, the ratio of THMs to HAAs rose with the chlorine dosage increase. Thus, chlorine dosage in prechlorination had a significant impact on THMs and HAAs and should be controlled effectively.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8265-x | DOI Listing |
J Hazard Mater
March 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China. Electronic address:
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose significant environmental health problems and have become a major global concern. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of the Cl-UV process (chlorine followed by UV irradiation) for removing ARGs in various forms. The Cl-UV process caused irreversible damage to nearly all ARB at typical disinfectant dosages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
March 2025
USP Technologies, 900 Circle 75 Parkway, Suite 1330, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Chlorine-based disinfectants are often used to achieve the required microbiological effluent limits and to ensure appropriate public health protection against waterborne pathogens; however, they can produce potentially harmful disinfection by-products and negatively affect the ecosystem of effluent receiving bodies. Peracetic Acid (PAA) and Performic Acid (PFA) are emerging as promising disinfectants in water treatment due to their effectiveness against a wide spectrum of microbes and minimal environmental impact, addressing some of the limitations associated with traditional chlorine-based disinfectants. In present work, we present and analyze the secondary effluent wastewater bench test results for demand, decay, and microbial inactivation kinetics of PAA, PFA, and sodium hypochlorite (SH) from six North American water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) using an advanced fitting method based on uncertainty ellipses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
February 2025
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
Sulfite (S(IV))-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently gained attention as viable alternatives to peroxosulfate-based AOPs due to their low toxicity and cost-effectiveness. Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is widely recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly oxidant in drinking water treatment. This study introduces a novel HO/S(IV) AOP based on the observation of over-stoichiometric consumption of S(IV) by HO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS ES T Water
February 2025
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Disinfection of swimming pools and hot tubs (pools/spas) are necessary to prevent outbreaks and exposure to waterborne pathogens from water recreation. However, harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from heavy chlorine usage continue to be a growing concern. Chlorine-based disinfectants also react with human inputs like sweat, urine, cosmetics, sunscreen, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
April 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-city, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan. Electronic address:
Anthropogenic organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, contaminate water, posing toxicological risks caused by either their parent compounds or transformation products. This study compares ultraviolet (UV)-based advanced oxidation processes (UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine) for the abatement of an antihistamine drug epinastine. UV light at 254 nm was irradiated upon solutions containing 10 μM epinastine and 100 μM oxidant.
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