This condition is a genodermatosis, seen chiefly around the shores of the Mediterranean, characterised by early pigment disturbances which progress virtually inexorably towards a diffuse epitheliomatosis which usually results in death before the age of 20 years. Progression of the lesions is precipitated by exposure to UV rays. These lesions are seen essentially in exposed areas, in particular oculopalpebral. Treatment is first preventive (decrease in exposure to sun and protection). Otherwise, surgery remains the most effective method: either excision as required, or extensive cervicofacial prophylactic excision followed by grafting.
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Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Classical radiation biology as we understand it clearly identifies genomic DNA as the primary target of ionizing radiation. The evidence appears rock-solid: ionizing radiation typically induces DSBs with a yield of ~30 per cell per Gy, and unrepaired DSBs are a very cytotoxic lesion. We know very well the kinetics of induction and repair of different types of DNA damage in different organisms and cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Background/objective: Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to DNA damage by generating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). UVB-induced CPDs can also result in immune suppression, which is a major risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). UVB-induced CPDs are repaired by nucleotide repair mechanisms (NER) mediated by xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
DNA repair involves various intricate pathways that work together to maintain genome integrity. XPF (ERCC4) is a structural endonuclease that forms a heterodimer with ERCC1 that is critical in both single-strand break repair (SSBR) and double-strand break repair (DSBR). Although the mechanistic function of ERCC1/XPF has been established in nucleotide excision repair (NER), its role in long-patch base excision repair (BER) has recently been discovered through the 5'-Gap pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy.
This study describes two siblings from consanguineous parents who exhibit intellectual disability, microcephaly, photosensitivity, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, numerous freckles, and other clinical features that suggest a potential disruption of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel homozygous missense variant in the gene, which was predicted to be pathogenic. However, a subsequent peculiar audiometric finding prompted further investigation, revealing a homozygous deletion in the gene linked to neurosensorial hearing loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncol Res
December 2024
Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50134, Italy.
Background: Platinum chemotherapy (CT) remains the backbone of systemic therapy for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway plays a central role in the repair of the DNA damage exerted by platinum agents. Alteration in this repair mechanism may affect patients' survival.
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