Applications of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) require faithful chromatin changes during differentiation, but the fate of the X chromosome state in differentiating ESCs is unclear. Female human ESC lines either carry two active X chromosomes (XaXa), an Xa and inactive X chromosome with or without XIST RNA coating (XiXa;XiXa), or an Xa and an eroded Xi (XeXa) where the Xi no longer expresses XIST RNA and has partially reactivated. Here, we established XiXa, XeXa, and XaXa ESC lines and followed their X chromosome state during differentiation. Surprisingly, we found that the X state pre-existing in primed ESCs is maintained in differentiated cells. Consequently, differentiated XeXa and XaXa cells lacked XIST, did not induce X inactivation, and displayed higher X-linked gene expression than XiXa cells. These results demonstrate that X chromosome dosage compensation is not required for ESC differentiation. Our data imply that XiXa ESCs are most suited for downstream applications and show that all other X states are abnormal byproducts of our ESC derivation and propagation method.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5214931 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.054 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of LTCC promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation through inhibition of calcineurin activity.
NPJ Regen Med
January 2025
Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) lost during ischemic cardiac injury cannot be replaced due to their limited proliferative capacity. Calcium is an important signal transducer that regulates key cellular processes, but its role in regulating CM proliferation is incompletely understood. Here we show a robust pathway for new calcium signaling-based cardiac regenerative strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUbiquitination-deficit of Cnot4 impairs the capacity of proliferation and differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2024
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. Electronic address:
Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are significant contributors to a variety of neurological disorders. Ubiquitination is essential for embryonic development and plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment. Although Cnot4 possesses E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, its function in neurodevelopment and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains inadequately understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh levels of histone acetylation modifications promote the formation of PGCs.
Poult Sci
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009 Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address:
This study investigates the role of histone acetylation in the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into primordial germ cells (PGCs). Transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze differentially expressed genes during this differentiation process, with functional annotation identifying genes associated with histone acetylation. To explore the role of acetylation, acetate and an acetyltransferase inhibitor (ANAC) were added to the ESCs induction medium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneration of a PDK-1 knockout human embryonic stem cell line by CRISPR/(WAe009-A-2K) Cas9 editing.
Stem Cell Res
December 2024
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address:
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase1 (PDK1) belongs to the family of kinases, regulates diverse metabolic processes. PDK1 is a susceptibility locus for heart failure via thinning of ventricle walls, and enlarged atria and ventricles. We successfully developed a PDK1 knockout (PDK1/) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line using an episomal vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system explore the role of PDK in human heart development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLINE1 elements at distal junctions of rDNA repeats regulate nucleolar organization in human embryonic stem cells.
Genes Dev
December 2024
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada;
The nucleolus is a major subnuclear compartment where ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is transcribed and ribosomes are assembled. In addition, recent studies have shown that the nucleolus is a dynamic organizer of chromatin architecture that modulates developmental gene expression. rDNA gene units are assembled into arrays located in the p-arms of five human acrocentric chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!