The authors report their personal experience in the diagnosis of post-operative bile duct strictures by means of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The methodology, thanks to its peculiar characteristics, appears as a fundamental test in the instrumental diagnosis of post-operative lesions of the bile duct.
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Updates in Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis.
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Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address:
Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been shown to be a safe and effective approach in treating these diseases while carrying lower morbidity than traditional surgical treatments, ERCP has associated risks, with post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) being the most common serious adverse event and carries significant morbidity and health care cost. PEP results from multifactorial factors involving trauma to the pancreatic duct and papilla, leading to subsequent obstruction and impairment of pancreatic drainage. Important risk factors for PEP include history of prior PEP, suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, difficult cannulation, pancreatic duct contrast injections, and pancreatic sphincterotomy.
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Gastroenterol Clin North Am
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Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. Electronic address:
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Int J Surg
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Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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