Objective: There is a high demand for temporary wound dressings that improve wound healing and regeneration. Silicon (as SiO) has been shown to support the growth and collagen formation in biological systems.
Methods: A nanocomposite was made from PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidon), nano-sized silica aggregates and water and served for fabrication of a wet dressing material (SiO-PVP gel, by cross-linking the gel) and a freeze-dried dressing material (SiO-PVP fleece). Materials were characterized by SAXS, DSC, EDX and viscosity measurements. A 10 mm circular defect was set on both sides of the back of SKH1-hr mice (n = 40) and both dressing materials were compared with untreated controls. After 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days, the defect regions were explanted and evaluated by histomorphometric measurements and CD31-immunohistochemistry.
Results: The microstructure of the compound was composed of fiber like structures. SiO nano-aggregates inside the composite remained stable and embedded in a rigid amorphous PVP fraction. In animal experiments, all groups showed a non-irritated defect closure after 9 days. EDX of SiO-PVP gel and fleeces revealed SiO-PVP diffusion into the wound. Wound contraction was significantly enhanced after treatment with SiO-PVP gel followed by SiO-PVP fleece compared to controls. Re-epithelialization was increased in SiO-PVP treated wounds and the regenerated epidermis showed a well-differentiated layer structure compared to untreated controls.
Conclusions: The results indicate that silica diffuses from the dressing into the wound. Both dressings affect the wound healing. The SiO-based wound dressing may counteract scarring and might be suitable as a temporary wound dressing.
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